Water of crystallization
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Crystallization of Esomeprazole Magnesium Water/Butanol Solvate.
The molecular structure of esomeprazole magnesium derivative in the solid-state is reported for the first time, along with a simplified crystallization pathway. The structure was determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique to reveal the bonding relationships between esomeprazole heteroatoms and magnesium. The esomeprazole crystallization process was carried out in 1-butanol ...
متن کاملSurface crystallization of supercooled water in clouds.
The process by which liquid cloud droplets homogeneously crystallize into ice is still not well understood. The ice nucleation process based on the standard and classical theory of homogeneous freezing initiates within the interior volume of a cloud droplet. Current experimental data on homogeneous freezing rates of ice in droplets of supercooled water, both in air and emulsion oil samples, sho...
متن کاملHeterogeneous surface crystallization observed in undercooled water.
We report laboratory observations of higher freezing temperatures when an ice-forming nucleus is near the surface of an undercooled water drop than when the nucleus is immersed in the drop. The nucleation rate at the water surface is a factor of 10(10) greater than in bulk water, thereby complementing and providing evidence for homogeneous surface crystallization, which has been hypothesized re...
متن کاملApplication of Membrane Crystallization for Minerals’ Recovery from Produced Water
Produced water represents the largest wastewater stream from oil and gas production. Generally, its high salinity level restricts the treatment options. Membrane crystallization (MCr) is an emerging membrane process with the capability to extract simultaneously fresh water and valuable components from various streams. In the current study, the potential of MCr for produced water treatment and s...
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Electron diffraction studies of vapor-deposited water ice have characterized the dynamical structural changes during crystallization that affect volatile retention in cometary materials. Crystallization is found to occur by nucleation of small domains, while leaving a significant part of the amorphous material in a slightly more relaxed amorphous state that coexists metastably with cubic cryst...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 1884
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-4.95.484-a